Clinical News: Page 103

CT imaging increases children's blood cancer risk
By Kate Madden Yee
Children who undergo CT imaging are at increased risk of blood cancer, according to a team of investigators.
November 13, 2023
Ct Scanner Bore 400
Do women prefer having female radiologists perform breast ultrasound?
By Amerigo Allegretto
Most women undergoing breast ultrasound are unconcerned about whether a radiologist is male or female.
November 13, 2023
Breast Specialist Ultrasound Exam 400 (2)
Housing assistance improves breast cancer screening uptake
By Amerigo Allegretto
Breast cancer screening is higher for some low-income women receiving government housing assistance than women who don’t.
November 9, 2023
Breast Mammo 400 (1)
NIH highlights PET study in Parkinson’s disease
By Will Morton
The NIH has highlighted a study that shows cardiac PET scans can help identify people at risk for Parkinson’s disease.
November 9, 2023
Heart and brain PET scans from a study participant who developed Parkinson’s disease support a “body first” progression. The top pair of PET scan images show low F-18 dopamine-derived radioactivity in the heart (right, with N-13 ammonia PET scan on left). Later, brain scans showed a loss of dopamine-producing neurons and the individual developed symptoms of the disease. Image courtesy of the National Institutes of Health.
MRI most cost-effective way to evaluate ED patients with dizziness
By Kate Madden Yee
MRI is the most cost-effective imaging modality for evaluating patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with dizziness, research suggests.
November 9, 2023
Stroke Mri 400
AI modeling detects, classifies breast microcalcifications
By Amerigo Allegretto
A novel AI tool can accurately detect and characterize macrocalcifications on mammography, according to an Italian study.
November 9, 2023
Breast Cancer2 400
Features found on MRI may predict liver cancer recurrence after surgery
By Kate Madden Yee
An algorithm based on MRI features could help clinicians predict liver cancer recurrence after patients have undergone liver resection, researchers have found.
November 8, 2023
Preoperative axial extracellular contrast agent-enhanced (A-E) MRI and (F-H) follow-up CT images in a 71-year-old male patient with chronic hepatitis B and a serum neutrophil count of 4.2 × 109/L. A 5.6-cm mass with a 1.9-cm satellite nodule was detected in segments V and VIII. (A) The mass (asterisks, A-E) shows mild-to-moderate hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, (B) hypointensity on T1-weighted noncontrast-enhanced images, (C) less than 50% hyperenhancement on late arterial phase images, (D) nonperipheral washout and incomplete enhancing capsule on portal venous phase images, and (E) marked diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted images (b = 800 sec/mm2). The mass was confirmed at histopathologic analysis as moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion. With an advanced-stage recurrence after resection score of 19.8 points (4.2 + 5.6 + 10), this patient was assigned to the high-risk group (≥15 points) for advanced-stage recurrence. At follow-up, (F) noncontrast-enhanced, (G) arterial phase, and (H) portal venous phase CT images acquired at day 70 after surgery show multifocal intrahepatic recurrence and tumor thrombus in the left portal vein (black arrow, H). Images and caption courtesy of the RSNA.
Playkits develop role in easing kids' anxiety over MRI scans
By Edna Astbury-Ward, PhD
Giving young children a playkit that uses both virtual and augmented reality appears to reduce anxiety about this procedure, U.K. researchers report.
November 8, 2023
A smartphone is a key component of the playkit devised by the Sheffield team. Photo courtesy of DYR in collaboration with Dubit UK.
PET predicts chemotherapy responses in breast cancer patients
By Will Morton
PET/CT with gallium-68 FAPI radiotracer can predict responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
November 8, 2023
Representative Ga-68 FAPI-PET/CT images of 48-year-old woman who had left invasive ductal carcinoma and who achieved pathologic complete response (pCR). (A) Baseline maximum-intensity projection (MIP) image demonstrated primary lesion (red arrowhead; SUVmax, 26.72) and Ga-68 FAPI-avid lymph node in left axilla (red arrows). (B) MIP image after two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) showed that primary lesion (red arrowhead; SUVmax, 8.87) and axillary lymph nodes (red arrow) were reduced in size and radioactivity uptake. (C and D) Representative images of lab tissue staining for FAP before NAC showed strong FAP-positive staining in stromal cells (C), which was significantly decreased on tumor bed after six cycles of NAC (D). Image courtesy of the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.
20-year study shows that lung cancer screening boosts survival rates
By Kate Madden Yee
Diagnosing early-stage lung cancer with low-dose CT translates to a 20-year survival rate of 81%, according to a large-scale study.
November 7, 2023
(A, B) Two annual repeat low-dose CT scans in a woman who was 60 years old at baseline enrollment in 1999. At baseline enrollment, she was currently smoking and had a 30-pack-year smoking history. No nodules were identified on baseline low-dose CT scans. On the sixth annual low-dose CT scan (B), a right lower lobe solid nodule (arrow) measuring 4.5 mm in maximum diameter was identified. The nodule could be identified in retrospect on the prior annual CT scan (arrow in A), when it measured 2 mm in maximum diameter. Estimated tumor volume doubling time was 161 days. Lobectomy was performed two months later, and diagnosis of stage 1aN0M0 moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma measuring 6 mm in maximum diameter was made. Expert pathologic panel review (22) of the pathologic specimen updated the diagnosis to adenocarcinoma with mixed subtype (80% acinar, 20% bronchoalveolar carcinoma components) with 5 mm of invasion. Images and caption courtesy of the RSNA.
Formal training leads to improved POCUS use for surgeons
By Amerigo Allegretto
A formal point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) curriculum can improve the use of the technology by surgeons.
November 7, 2023
Surgeons Smiling 400
Julianna Czum talks AI chest radiograph study with AuntMinnie.com
By Amerigo Allegretto
Julianna Czum, MD, spoke with AuntMinnie.com on a study that tested a deep-learning algorithm on triaging chest radiographs.
November 6, 2023
Julianna Czum Interview
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