Subspecialties: Page 89

Features found on MRI may predict liver cancer recurrence after surgery
By Kate Madden Yee
An algorithm based on MRI features could help clinicians predict liver cancer recurrence after patients have undergone liver resection, researchers have found.
November 8, 2023
Preoperative axial extracellular contrast agent-enhanced (A-E) MRI and (F-H) follow-up CT images in a 71-year-old male patient with chronic hepatitis B and a serum neutrophil count of 4.2 × 109/L. A 5.6-cm mass with a 1.9-cm satellite nodule was detected in segments V and VIII. (A) The mass (asterisks, A-E) shows mild-to-moderate hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, (B) hypointensity on T1-weighted noncontrast-enhanced images, (C) less than 50% hyperenhancement on late arterial phase images, (D) nonperipheral washout and incomplete enhancing capsule on portal venous phase images, and (E) marked diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted images (b = 800 sec/mm2). The mass was confirmed at histopathologic analysis as moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion. With an advanced-stage recurrence after resection score of 19.8 points (4.2 + 5.6 + 10), this patient was assigned to the high-risk group (≥15 points) for advanced-stage recurrence. At follow-up, (F) noncontrast-enhanced, (G) arterial phase, and (H) portal venous phase CT images acquired at day 70 after surgery show multifocal intrahepatic recurrence and tumor thrombus in the left portal vein (black arrow, H). Images and caption courtesy of the RSNA.
Mammography-based nomogram predicts breast microcalcifications
By Amerigo Allegretto
A mammography-based radiomic nomogram could be useful in predicting risk of malignancy in suspicious breast microcalcifications.
November 8, 2023
Breast Mammo Computer 400 (2)
PET predicts chemotherapy responses in breast cancer patients
By Will Morton
PET/CT with gallium-68 FAPI radiotracer can predict responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
November 8, 2023
Representative Ga-68 FAPI-PET/CT images of 48-year-old woman who had left invasive ductal carcinoma and who achieved pathologic complete response (pCR). (A) Baseline maximum-intensity projection (MIP) image demonstrated primary lesion (red arrowhead; SUVmax, 26.72) and Ga-68 FAPI-avid lymph node in left axilla (red arrows). (B) MIP image after two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) showed that primary lesion (red arrowhead; SUVmax, 8.87) and axillary lymph nodes (red arrow) were reduced in size and radioactivity uptake. (C and D) Representative images of lab tissue staining for FAP before NAC showed strong FAP-positive staining in stromal cells (C), which was significantly decreased on tumor bed after six cycles of NAC (D). Image courtesy of the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.
20-year study shows that lung cancer screening boosts survival rates
By Kate Madden Yee
Diagnosing early-stage lung cancer with low-dose CT translates to a 20-year survival rate of 81%, according to a large-scale study.
November 7, 2023
(A, B) Two annual repeat low-dose CT scans in a woman who was 60 years old at baseline enrollment in 1999. At baseline enrollment, she was currently smoking and had a 30-pack-year smoking history. No nodules were identified on baseline low-dose CT scans. On the sixth annual low-dose CT scan (B), a right lower lobe solid nodule (arrow) measuring 4.5 mm in maximum diameter was identified. The nodule could be identified in retrospect on the prior annual CT scan (arrow in A), when it measured 2 mm in maximum diameter. Estimated tumor volume doubling time was 161 days. Lobectomy was performed two months later, and diagnosis of stage 1aN0M0 moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma measuring 6 mm in maximum diameter was made. Expert pathologic panel review (22) of the pathologic specimen updated the diagnosis to adenocarcinoma with mixed subtype (80% acinar, 20% bronchoalveolar carcinoma components) with 5 mm of invasion. Images and caption courtesy of the RSNA.
Lunit to highlight AI-based studies at RSNA
By AuntMinnie.com staff writers
Lunit plans to highlight seven AI-based studies at the upcoming RSNA meeting.
November 6, 2023
Artificial Intelligence Ai Stock Ticker Social
PET shows ApoE4 carriers may benefit from earlier AD treatment
By Will Morton
PET imaging has revealed brain pathology linked to faster clinical progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients with ApoE4 gene variants.
November 6, 2023
Tau
MRI radiomics show promise for identifying Ki-67 breast cancer
By Kate Madden Yee
MRI radiomics show a high diagnostic accuracy for predicting Ki-67 expression in breast cancer, researchers have found.
November 6, 2023
Breast Cancer 400
AI model predicts scoliosis spinal curve progression
By Will Morton
A deep-learning AI model shows promise for predicting spinal curves in individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
November 3, 2023
Three regions of interest (ROI) were selected and processed for training from each original radiograph. The leftmost image is the original coronal view radiograph. The original radiograph was passed through the CLAHE algorithm to enhance image brightness and contrast. The three crop boxes outlined by red dotted lines illustrate the three crops generated for model training. Crop 1 selects the ROI for the whole-spine region according to coordinates exported by AlignProCARE. Crops 2 and 3 select the ROIs for the upper and lower end vertebra of the major curvature. All ROIs were subsequently resized into 256 × 256 for Crop 1 and 50 × 50 for Crop 2 and 3. Crop 1 ROI was additionally multiplied by a Gaussian mask to amplify the signal of the vertebrae. Image courtesy of the Global Spine Journal.
Researchers receive grant to develop VR assessment system for TBI
By AuntMinnie.com staff writers
University of Arizona researchers received a grant to develop a virtual reality (VR) system to assess traumatic brain injury (TBI) for military purposes.
November 2, 2023
Virtual Reality Vr Polygonal Man 400
ACS releases updated lung cancer screening guideline
By Kate Madden Yee
The American Cancer Society (ACS) has released an updated lung cancer screening guideline.
November 1, 2023
Lung Cancer Ct 3d 400
AI boosts radiologist perception training
By Will Morton
A team in Europe has launched a novel web application to help radiology trainees gain skills in detecting lung nodules on chest x-rays.
October 31, 2023
Screenshots of the imaging viewer interface before (a-b) and after (c-d) having clicked “Review placed markers.” The “Case assessment widget” has been magnified in (b,d). One marker was incorrectly placed (c), which is signified with a red cross. One nodule was not identified (c) and was highlighted by a yellow circle through the mouse over function in the “List of synthetic lesions.” Image courtesy of the British Journal of Radiology.
Abdominal fat CT radiomics help predict liver cancer recurrence
By Kate Madden Yee
CT radiomics features identified from abdominal fat and muscle tissue can help predict early recurrence of liver cancer after surgery, researchers have found.
October 31, 2023
Fat Tissue Adipocytes 400
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