Clinical News: Page 116

AI model predicts fracture risk using bone scans
By Will Morton
A group in Australia has developed an AI model that shows promise predicting fracture risk in patients based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry exams.
October 23, 2023
Visualization of EigenGradCAM (A) and GradCAM results (B) illustrating association between fracture group classification and DXA image features for moderate fracture risk subjects. Given are the three highest confidence images with labels predicted for correct classifications, which ranged from 85% to 92% confidence. Image courtesy of JBMR Plus.
How does menopause affect women's cerebral blood flow?
By Kate Madden Yee
Arterial spin labeling MRI shows that alterations in women's cerebral blood flow begin during perimenopause and may be due to an increased burden of white-matter hyperintensities.
October 20, 2023
Mri Brain 400
Pediatric PET radiotracer doses drop by a third over two decades
By Will Morton
Over the past 20 years, children have benefited from a massive reduction in PET imaging radiotracer doses without compromise in image quality.
October 20, 2023
Children
Researchers offer hypothesis for long COVID brain fog
By Will Morton
A group in France has offered an explanation for long COVID brain fog, with the concept based on a visual brain pattern they discovered on patient PET scans.
October 19, 2023
Hypometabolism detected with F-18 FDG-PET in long-COVID patients: putative astrocyte dysfunction and glutamatergic dysregulation. (A) PET scan of a healthy subject. (B) PET scan of a long COVID patient. Hypometabolic areas are indicated with arrows. (C) A diagram showing a healthy condition in which an astrocyte has a normal capacity to take up glutamate and recycle it to sustain glutamatergic neurotransmission, giving rise to normal glucose utilization and lactate production to ensure adequate neuronal energy supply. (D) A diagram showing a long COVID condition in which an astrocyte has reduced glutamate uptake capacity, leading to reduced glutamate recycling, lower glucose utilization (observed with F-18 FDG-PET as hypometabolism) and lower lactate production, dysregulating glutamatergic neurotransmission, and possibly endangering neuronal survival.
Ultralow-dose chest CT bests x-ray in the emergency department
By Kate Madden Yee
In nontraumatic emergency department patients, ultralow-dose chest CT offers more than twice the detection rate for main diagnoses compared with chest x-ray.
October 19, 2023
Ct Scanner Bore
Low-field-strength MRI could be alternative for fetal imaging
By Amerigo Allegretto
An abbreviated low-field-strength fetal MRI protocol can produce reliable structural and functional measures of the fetus and placenta in pregnancy.
October 18, 2023
Images show fetal T2-weighted fast-spin-echo 0.55-T MRI scans at various gestational ages. (A) Miduterine coronal anatomic views from eight representative healthy pregnant participants (scans in control group); (B) planned brain views in sagittal, coronal, and axial orientation from eight representative healthy pregnant participants (scans in control participants); and (C) lung views from eight representative healthy pregnant participants (scans in control group). The scans are shown in four gestational age ranges.
COVID-19 AI model boosts disease detection by radiologists
By Will Morton
An AI algorithm designed to diagnose COVID-19 has been validated in a study by radiologists who interpreted x-rays with and without the model.
October 18, 2023
Results of Grad-CAM and Grad-CAM++ for the deep-learning model: (A) normal, (B) pneumonia, and (C) COVID-19. Left column, original chest x-ray image; middle column, result of Grad-CAM; right column, results of Grad-CAM++ .
AI gives high risk scores to nearly 40% of breast cancers at screening
By Amerigo Allegretto
Nearly four in 10 cases of screen-detected and interval cancers had the highest AI risk score at prior screening.
October 18, 2023
Breast Cancer 3 D 400
Top trends impacting the ultrasound market
By Mustafa Hassan
Mustafa Hassan of Signify Research discusses recent trends in the ultrasound market.
October 17, 2023
Suit Graph Up
Intravenous thrombolysis before thrombectomy improves stroke outcomes
By Kate Madden Yee
Patients with acute ischemic stroke with a large infarct core may benefit from treatment with intravenous thrombolysis before endovascular thrombectomy.
October 17, 2023
Brain Stroke
Older, rural children face barriers to appendix ultrasound access
By Amerigo Allegretto
Rural, older, and poorer children face barriers in obtaining an ultrasound exam for acute appendicitis.
October 17, 2023
Rural 400
Beware risk of adverse events associated with GBCAs
By Kate Madden Yee
Risks associated with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) differ by drug, and clinicians would do well to educate themselves about these differences.
October 17, 2023
Gadolinium 400
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