Course topics: imaging fundamentals; heart anatomy/electrocardiography; 2D/M-Mode characterization of cardiac anatomy; M-Mode and 2D measurements; fundamentals of Doppler (pulsed, CW, and CFI); comprehensive 2D and Doppler echocardiogram.
Intro to 2D/M-Mode Echocardiography and Cardiac Doppler/Color Flow Imaging
Aug 14th, 2011Aug 18th, 2011
St. Pete Beach, FL
US
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![Axial images from unenhanced calcium score cardiac CT (left) and curved planar reformation images from CT angiography (right) show that higher long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with greater coronary artery calcium and more obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Top row: Images in a 68-year-old male patient with higher 10-year mean ambient air pollution exposure (7.9 μg/m3 for particulate matter measuring ≤2.5 μm in diameter [PM2.5] and 17.4 parts per billion [ppb] for NO2) with extensive CAD (coronary artery calcium score [CACS] >1,000 and obstructive CAD [≥70% diameter stenosis]). Bottom row: Images in a 57-year-old female patient with lower 10-year mean ambient air pollution exposure (6.3 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 4.6 ppb for NO2) with no CAD (CACS = 0 and no obstructive stenosis).](https://img.auntminnie.com/mindful/smg/workspaces/default/uploads/2026/06/hanneman.r6SMLzkezo.png?auto=format%2Ccompress&fit=crop&h=112&q=70&w=112)




