Clinical News: Page 68

Machine learning used with CT imaging foretells lung abnormalities

By Kate Madden Yee

Using machine-learning models with CT images helps clinicians predict interstitial lung abnormalities, researchers have reported.

September 3, 2024

MRI model predicts treatment response in breast cancer patients

By Amerigo Allegretto

Radiomics scoring derived from contrast-enhanced MRI can predict treatment response in women being treated for triple-negative breast cancer.

September 3, 2024

Axial dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scans show results from two women before they underwent neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer. (A) T1-enhanced MRI scan, (B) rate constant for contrast agent plasma-to-interstitial transfer (Ktrans) map, and (C) maximum contrast agent uptake rate (Slopemax) map in a 56-year-old woman depict a tumor that manifested as a spherical 4-cm mass enhancement (arrow in A) in the right breast with axillary node involvement (arrowhead in A). The radiomics score was high, at 3.3. Histopathologic examination after chemotherapy revealed no invasive residual cancer in the breast or the lymph nodes (pathologic complete response). (D) T1-enhanced MRI scan, (E) Ktrans map, and (F) Slopemax map in a 49-year-old woman show a tumor that manifested as a spiculated 3-cm mass enhancement (arrow in D) in the left breast with thickening of the skin (arrowhead in D). The parametric maps show much greater spatial heterogeneity than in the case shown in B and C, with areas of high intensity. The radiomics score was low, at −1.6. Histopathologic examination after chemotherapy revealed a 10-mm invasive residual cancer in the breast (not pathologic complete response). Image courtesy of the RSNA.

Women less likely to return to mammo after false-positive results

By Amerigo Allegretto

Women are less likely to return to screening after false-positive mammography results.

September 3, 2024

Breast Mammography Scanner

Radiologists in Turkey describe aftermath of 2023 earthquakes

Radiologists in Turkey have described events that occurred in the first 24 hours in a radiology unit after two major earthquakes devastated the country on February 6, 2023.

August 30, 2024

The number of patients affected by region. Images available for republishing under Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0 DEED, Attribution 4.0 International) and courtesy of Tomography.

Low risk of oropharynx cancer on PET/CT, surgeons advise

Radiologists can help reduce unnecessary follow-up work in patients with suspected oropharynx cancer by analyzing certain metrics on PET/CT scans.

August 30, 2024

PET reveals brain pathology that may drive depression

Early brain accumulation of amyloid plaque on PET scans is associated with emerging depressive symptoms in cognitively unimpaired older adults.

August 29, 2024

Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET distribution volume ratio (DVR) images were projected onto fsaverage surfaces from FreeSurfer and surface smoothed, with PiB (amyloid) slope maps created using ordinary least squares regression (time as only factor) and mixed effects models for 154 participants run at each vertex (P < .01; model: longitudinal Geriatric Depression Scale score estimated by amyloid slope × time + [sex + education + age] × time). This map visualizes the results of the linear mixed-effects models (t score of the main variable, amyloid slope × time) such that regions with a greater t score (red) represent areas in which greater depressive symptoms are associated with greater amyloid accumulation (amyloid slope). Anatomical landmarks are provided: L refers to the left hemisphere, R refers to the right hemisphere, and additional labels indicate the anterior and posterior ends of the brain. Images available for republishing under Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0 DEED, Attribution 4.0 International) and courtesy of JAMA Open Network.

7 key factors that negatively affect CT contrast administration

By Kate Madden Yee

There are seven critical but often neglected factors that negatively affect the administration of CT contrast, according to a recent study.

August 29, 2024

Contrast Injector

Annual mammography screening leads to better patient outcomes

By Amerigo Allegretto

A recent study found that annual screening mammography is tied to lower risk of late-stage cancer and better overall survival among women.

August 28, 2024

Mammogram Breast 400

AI helps out with spotting, localizing interval breast cancers

By Erik L. Ridley

A new study assessed performance characteristics of AI software in identifying and localizing interval breast cancers.

August 27, 2024

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'Field-cycling' MRI identifies subacute stroke at low field strengths

By Kate Madden Yee

A new whole-brain MRI technique called field-cycling imaging identifies subacute ischemic stroke at field strengths as low as 0.2 millitesla.

August 27, 2024

Photograph of the field-cycling imaging (FCI) scanner prototype, with the head coil in place. Image and caption courtesy of the RSNA.

SRU develops new lexicon for ultrasound findings in pregnant women

By Amerigo Allegretto

The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) has developed recommendations on lexicon to be used for ultrasound imaging in pregnant women.

August 27, 2024

An intradecidual sign depicts transvaginal sagittal grayscale ultrasound imaging in a 34-year-old pregnant patient, which shows a 4-mm empty gestational sac (solid arrow) in the anterior endometrium. The location of the sac to one side of the central hyperechoic line (dotted arrows) representing the opposed innermost layers of decidualized endometrium confirms it is within the endometrium and not the endometrial cavity, hence the name intradecidual sign. This sign is helpful when seen to diagnose a probable intrauterine pregnancy before visualization of the yolk sac. Three days later, the yolk sac was visualized (not shown), allowing for the diagnosis of a definite intrauterine pregnancy.

MSKI-RADS effectively classifies MRI findings of extremity infections

By Kate Madden Yee

The newly-developed MSKI-RADS system is effective when it comes to standardizing terminology and recommended management of MRI findings of extremity infections.

August 27, 2024

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