Cardiac > Congenital > Chf

Congestive Heart Failure in the Neonate:

Clinical:

CHF in the neonate can be difficult to distinguish from pneumonia if the heart is normal in size. Etiologies include: Large Endocardial Cushion Defect; Arrhythmias; TAPVR with obstruction (Type 3), Cardiomyopathy: Viral- Coxsackie Group B, Rubella or Glycogen Storage Disease (Pompe's); Coarctation of the Aorta (Type I- infantile ); Endocardial fibroelastosis; Hypoplastic Left Heart: Aortic Valvular Stenosis (Critical)/Atresia, Congenital Mitral Stenosis, or Anomalous Left Coronary Artery (Left coronary artery arises from the left pulmonary artery. Patients present about 6 months of age. Retrograde flow will develop due to high systemic pressure); Peripheral AVM: Vein of Galen aneurysm or Hemangioendothelioma; Congenital myocarditis; Metabolic abnormalities: Hypoglycemia, Hypocalcemia, or Thyrotoxicosis; and Cor Triatriatum.